Noor, Nurhafihz, Tong, Ashley, and Zainol, Zahirah (2025) ChatGPT and higher education student well-being: role of subjective norm and anthropomorphism with TAM. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society. pp. 1-20. (In Press)

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Abstract

Purpose: There continues to be important discussion on how ChatGPT can be effectively integrated into the student learning environment in higher education. However, less is known about how social influences faced by students and the anthropomorphic features of ChatGPT affect technology adoption and student well-being. This study aims to develop and test a model that integrates the seminal technology acceptance model with subjective norm and anthropomorphism.

Design/methodology/approach: Data from a sample size of 128 higher education students in Singapore was collected using a self-administered survey and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, which is a useful method for estimating relationships between model variables.

Findings: Results indicate that subjective norm and anthropomorphism can influence the technology acceptance of ChatGPT, with anthropomorphism playing a significant role in driving the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of using ChatGPT. The resulting intention to use ChatGPT can affect the subjective well-being of higher education students.

Originality/value: This study introduces a design typology that offers managerial implications on the key roles of subjective norm and anthropomorphism in the context of ChatGPT in higher education. In addition to authors’ Policy-Empowerment-Novelty (PEN) framework, their empirical results show how the meaningful design of both the social environment and artificial intelligence applications in higher education can encourage ChatGPT usage and improve the well-being of students.

Item ID:	88781
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1758-8871
Keywords:	Artificial intelligence, Generative AI, ChatGPT, Technology acceptance model, Higher education, Well-being
Copyright Information:	© Emerald Publishing Limited. This Author Accepted Manuscript is provided for your own personal use only. It may not be used for resale, reprinting, systematic distribution, emailing, or for any other commercial purpose without the permission of the publisher.
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2025 03:54
FoR Codes:	46 INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES > 4602 Artificial intelligence > 460299 Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified @ 50% 35 COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT, TOURISM AND SERVICES > 3506 Marketing > 350601 Consumer behaviour @ 25% 39 EDUCATION > 3903 Education systems > 390303 Higher education @ 25%
SEO Codes:	22 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES > 2204 Information systems, technologies and services > 220403 Artificial intelligence @ 50% 16 EDUCATION AND TRAINING > 1601 Learner and learning > 160102 Higher education @ 50%
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