The usability of a virtual reality augmented training program to teach goniometry to occupational therapy students
Baker, Nancy A., O’Shanassy, Jane, and Unsworth, Carolyn A. (2025) The usability of a virtual reality augmented training program to teach goniometry to occupational therapy students. BMC Medical Education, 25 (1). 11.
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Abstract
Background: Training occupational therapy students in manual skills such as goniometry typically requires intensive one on one student teacher interactions and repetitive practice to ensure competency. There is evidence that immersive virtual reality (IVR) supported embodied learning can improve confidence and performance of skills. Embodied learning refers to learner’s experience of viewing a simulated body and its properties as if they were the learner’s own biological body. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to develop and examine the usability and establish preliminary efficacy of an Embodied Goniometric Occupational Therapy Training Program (EGOTTP) to teach occupational therapy students wrist goniometry. Methods: Following the generation of written scripts, we used a 360-degree camera to film and create the program, with 3- levels of detailed education for six wrist goniometry measures, flexion-extension, radial-ulnar deviation and pronation-supination. Five students rated their experience using EGOTTP on measures of usability and efficacy. Results: The EGOTTP was developed over a 1-month period, and the participants reported good to high levels of embodiment and engagement, and their ratings suggested that the EGOTTP was easy to use with the support of an educator. Conclusion: IVR training programs such as this one hold promise for teaching manual skill acquisition such as goniometry. As IVR technologies become more affordable and widespread, this approach could complement other strategies used to teach goniometry skills to students.
| Item ID: | 87711 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1472-6920 |
| Keywords: | Competency-based Education, Embodiment, Goniometry, Immersive Virtual Reality, Simulation, Spherical Video-based Virtual Reality |
| Copyright Information: | © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jan 2026 06:47 |
| FoR Codes: | 39 EDUCATION > 3903 Education systems > 390303 Higher education @ 50% 42 HEALTH SCIENCES > 4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science > 420104 Occupational therapy @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 16 EDUCATION AND TRAINING > 1601 Learner and learning > 160102 Higher education @ 50% 20 HEALTH > 2003 Provision of health and support services > 200301 Allied health therapies (excl. mental health services) @ 50% |
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