Arbon, P.M., Andrade Martinez, Maria, Garrett, M. Andrade, Jerry, D.R., and Condon, K. (2024) Determining patterns of tissue tropism for IHHNV, GAV and YHV-7 infection in giant black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) using real-time RT-qPCR. Aquaculture, 584. 740680.

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Abstract

Disease management in shrimp aquaculture is heavily dependent on accurate and rapid pathogen detection and diagnosis. Understanding the presence and distribution of pathogens within various tissues of the shrimp host is critical to ensure detection efforts are targeted for optimal sensitivity and reliability. Modern advancements in molecular technologies, including nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR, have yielded significant improvements in pathogen detection capabilities. Despite these advancements and their widespread adoption within both research and industry applications, evidence to inform their optimised use, such as revisions to tissue-specific viral detection to support selection of appropriate target tissues, has not been established. To address these gaps, this study aimed to establish contemporary evidence of viral tissue tropism for three major shrimp pathogens. TaqMan qPCR analysis was used to determine tissue-specific loading of viral pathogens in naturally infected Penaeus monodon pleopod, gill, hepatopancreas, lymphoid organ, abdominal muscle tissue, hindgut and ventral nerve cord. The viral targets analysed included Penaeus stylirostris penstyldensovirus 1 (PstDV1), formerly named infectious hypodermal haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and, two genotypes of the yellow head virus complex, including genotype 2 known as gill associated virus (YHV-2/ GAV), and genotype 7 (YHV-7). QPCR analyses demonstrated the highest level of genetic IHHNV detection from gill tissue, followed sequentially by hindgut, pleopod, hepatopancreas, lymphoid organ, ventral nerve cord and abdominal muscle. For the yellow head viruses (GAV and YHV-7), no significant differences in genetic viral detection were demonstrated, although a non-significant advantage was observed for lymphoid organ and hindgut tissue. Beyond establishing contemporary evidence of viral distribution to improve understanding of host-viral interactions, these findings offer supporting evidence for revisions to appropriate target tissue recommendations, within the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals, for optimised modern shrimp pathogen detection.

Item ID:	82966
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1873-5622
Keywords:	Aquaculture; Pathogen detection; TaqMan; Viral distribution; Sampling
Copyright Information:	© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Funders:	Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship (RTP), Cooperative Research Centre for Developing Northern Australia (CRCNA)
Projects and Grants:	CRCNA A.3.2021044
Date Deposited:	17 Jun 2024 06:15
FoR Codes:	30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3005 Fisheries sciences > 300501 Aquaculture @ 50% 30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3005 Fisheries sciences > 300503 Fish pests and diseases @ 50%
SEO Codes:	10 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 1002 Fisheries - aquaculture > 100205 Aquaculture prawns @ 100%
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