Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study

Bright, Richard, Fernandes, Daniel, Wood, Jonathan, Palms, Dennis, Burzava, Anouck, Ninan, Neethu, Brown, Toby, Barker, Dan, and Vasilev, Krasimir (2022) Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study. Materials Today Bio, 13. 100176.

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Abstract

The demand for joint replacement and other orthopedic surgeries involving titanium implants is continuously increasing; however, 1%–2% of surgeries result in costly and devastating implant associated infections (IAIs). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two common pathogens known to colonise implants, leading to serious complications. Bioinspired surfaces with spike-like nanotopography have previously been shown to kill bacteria upon contact; however, the longer-term potential of such surfaces to prevent or delay biofilm formation is unclear. Hence, we monitored biofilm formation on control and nanostructured titanium disc surfaces over 21 days following inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We found a consistent 2-log or higher reduction in live bacteria throughout the time course for both bacteria. The biovolume on nanostructured discs was also significantly lower than control discs at all time points for both bacteria. Analysis of the biovolume revealed that for the nanostructured surface, bacteria was killed not just on the surface, but at locations above the surface. Interestingly, pockets of bacterial regrowth on top of the biomass occurred in both bacterial species, however this was more pronounced for S. aureus cultures after 21 days. We found that the nanostructured surface showed antibacterial properties throughout this longitudinal study. To our knowledge this is the first in vitro study to show reduction in the viability of bacterial colonisation on a nanostructured surface over a clinically relevant time frame, providing potential to reduce the likelihood of implant associated infections.

Item ID: 77018
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 2590-0064
Keywords: Antibacterial, Biofilm, Biomimetic, Implant associated infections, Implant infection, Nanoprotrusions, Nanospikes, Nanostructures, Orthopedic
Copyright Information: © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
Funders: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Research Council (ARC)
Projects and Grants: NHMRC GNT1194466, ARC DP180101254
Date Deposited: 23 Mar 2023 01:36
FoR Codes: 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3206 Medical biotechnology > 320699 Medical biotechnology not elsewhere classified @ 50%
40 ENGINEERING > 4018 Nanotechnology > 401807 Nanomaterials @ 50%
SEO Codes: 20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200104 Prevention of human diseases and conditions @ 100%
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