Zenger, Kyall R., Khatkar, Mehar S., Jones, David B., Khalilisamani, Nima, Jerry, Dean R., and Raadsma, Herman W. (2019) Genomic selection in aquaculture: application, limitations and opportunities with special reference to marine shrimp and pearl oysters. Frontiers in Genetics, 9. 693.

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Abstract

Within aquaculture industries, selection based on genomic information (genomic selection) has the profound potential to change genetic improvement programs and production systems. Genomic selection exploits the use of realized genomic relationships among individuals and information from genome-wide markers in close linkage disequilibrium with genes of biological and economic importance. We discuss the technical advances, practical requirements, and commercial applications that have made genomic selection feasible in a range of aquaculture industries, with a particular focus on molluscs (pearl oysters, Pinctada maxima) and marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon). The use of low-cost genome sequencing has enabled cost-effective genotyping on a large scale and is of particular value for species without a reference genome or access to commercial genotyping arrays. We highlight the pitfalls and offer the solutions to the genotyping by sequencing approach and the building of appropriate genetic resources to undertake genomic selection from first-hand experience. We describe the potential to capture large-scale commercial phenotypes based on image analysis and artificial intelligence through machine learning, as inputs for calculation of genomic breeding values. The application of genomic selection over traditional aquatic breeding programs offers significant advantages through being able to accurately predict complex polygenic traits including disease resistance; increasing rates of genetic gain; minimizing inbreeding; and negating potential limiting effects of genotype by environment interactions. Further practical advantages of genomic selection through the use of large-scale communal mating and rearing systems are highlighted, as well as presenting rate-limiting steps that impact on attaining maximum benefits from adopting genomic selection. Genomic selection is now at the tipping point where commercial applications can be readily adopted and offer significant short- and long-term solutions to sustainable and profitable aquaculture industries.

Item ID:	60502
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1664-8021
Keywords:	aquaculture, animal breeding, genomic selection, genetic improvement, oyster and shrimp
Copyright Information:	© 2019 Zenger, Khatkar, Jones, Khalilisamani, Jerry and Raadsma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).
Funders:	Australian Research Council (ARC)
Projects and Grants:	Industrial Transformation Research Hub (IH130200013), ARC Linkage grant LP140101001
Date Deposited:	25 Nov 2019 04:12
FoR Codes:	31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3105 Genetics > 310509 Genomics @ 50% 30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3005 Fisheries sciences > 300501 Aquaculture @ 50%
SEO Codes:	83 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 8301 Fisheries - Aquaculture > 830105 Aquaculture Prawns @ 50% 83 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 8301 Fisheries - Aquaculture > 830104 Aquaculture Oysters @ 50%
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