Seascape genetics of a flatfish reveals local selection under high levels of gene flow

Diopere, Eveline, Vandamme, Sara G., Hablutzel, Pascal I., Cariani, Alessia, Van Houdt, Jeroen, Rijnsdorp, Adriaan, Tinti, Fausto, FishPopTrace Consortium, , Volckaert, Filip A.M., and Maes, Gregory E. (2018) Seascape genetics of a flatfish reveals local selection under high levels of gene flow. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75 (2). pp. 675-689.

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Abstract

Local adaptation is often found to be in a delicate balance with gene flow in marine species with high dispersal potential. Genotyping with mapped transcriptome-derived markers and advanced seascape statistical analyses are proven tools to uncover the genomic basis of biologically relevant traits under environmental selection. Using a panel of 426 gene-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we scanned 17 samples (n¼539) of sole (Solea solea L.) from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and applied a node-based seascape analysis. Neutral loci confirmed a clear distinction between the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone and the other Eastern Atlantic samples. At a more subtle level, the latter unit split in an English Channel and North Sea group, and a Bay of Biscay and Atlantic Iberian coast group. A fourth group, the Irish and Celtic Sea, was identified with 19 outlier loci. A pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) characterized the latitudinal distribution. Seascape analyses identified winter seawater temperature, food availability and coastal currents to explain a significant component of geographically distributed genetic variation, suggesting that these factors act as drivers of local adaptation. The evidence for local adaptation is in line with the current understanding on the impact of two key ecological factors, the life-history trait winter mortality and the behaviour of inshore/offshore spawning. We conclude that the subtle differentiation between two metapopulations (North Sea and Bay of Biscay) mirrors local adaptation. At least three genomic regions with strong population differentiation point to locally divergent selection. Further functional characterization of these genomic regions should help with formulating adaptive management policies.

Item ID: 51052
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1054-3139
Keywords: fish; isolation by distance;local adaptation; Northeast Atlantic Ocean; outlier locus; population genomics; SNP; sole
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Funders: Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Scientific Research Network Eco-evolutionary Dynamics in Natural and Anthropogenic Communities (SRN), Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (EC7)
Projects and Grants: FWO scholarship, SRN grant @0.037.10N, ILVO PhD scholarship, EC7 FP7/2007-2013 FishPopTrace
Date Deposited: 11 Oct 2017 01:57
FoR Codes: 31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3105 Genetics > 310599 Genetics not elsewhere classified @ 80%
30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3005 Fisheries sciences > 300502 Aquaculture and fisheries stock assessment @ 20%
SEO Codes: 96 ENVIRONMENT > 9608 Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity > 960808 Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity @ 100%
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