Evidence for extensive cryptic speciation in trematodes of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) of the tropical Indo-West Pacific

McNamara, M.K.A., Miller, T.L., and Cribb, T.H. (2014) Evidence for extensive cryptic speciation in trematodes of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) of the tropical Indo-West Pacific. International Journal for Parasitology, 44 (1). pp. 37-48.

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Abstract

Molecular data from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) mitochondrial DNA gene and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) nuclear rDNA region were used to test the current morphologically-based taxonomic hypothesis regarding species of Monorchiidae (Hurleytrematoides) from chaetodontid and tetraodontid fishes from six sites in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (TIWP): Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, Australia), Moorea (French Polynesia), New Caledonia, Ningaloo Reef (Australia) and Palau. The 16 morphospecies analysed differed from each other by a minimum of 55 bp (9.1%) over the mitochondrial cox1 and 8 bp (1.6%) over the ITS2 DNA regions. For two species, Hurleytrematoides loi and Hurleytrematoides sasali, specimens from the same host species in sympatry differed at levels comparable to those between pairs of distinct morphospecies for both cox1 and ITS2 sequences. We take this as evidence of the presence of combinations of cryptic species; however, we do not propose new species for these taxa because we lack identified morphological voucher specimens. For seven species, Hurleytrematoides coronatum, Hurleytrematoides deblocki, Hurleytrematoides faliexae, H. loi, Hurleytrematoides morandi, H. sasali and Hurleytrematoides sp. A, samples from some combinations of localities had base pair differences that were equal to or greater than differences between some pairs of distinct morphospecies for one or both cox1 and ITS2 sequences. For three species, H. coronatum, H. loi and H. morandi, one haplotype differed from every other haplotype by more than the morphospecies benchmark. In these cases morphological specimens could not be distinguished by morphology. These data suggest extensive cryptic richness in this genus. For the present we refrain from dividing any of the morphospecies. This is because there is a continuum of levels of intra- and interspecific genetic variation in this system, so that distinguishing the two would be largely arbitrary.

Item ID: 30343
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1879-0135
Keywords: Hurleytrematoides; Monorchiidae; Chaetodontidae; cryptic species; parasites
Funders: Australian Research Council (ARC), Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS)
Date Deposited: 28 Nov 2013 05:25
FoR Codes: 07 AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES > 0704 Fisheries Sciences > 070404 Fish Pests and Diseases @ 40%
06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0602 Ecology > 060205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl Marine Ichthyology) @ 30%
06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0603 Evolutionary Biology > 060302 Biogeography and Phylogeography @ 30%
SEO Codes: 83 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 8302 Fisheries - Wild Caught > 830204 Wild Caught Fin Fish (excl. Tuna) @ 40%
96 ENVIRONMENT > 9608 Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity > 960808 Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity @ 60%
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