Rana, Eaftekhar Ahmed, Hossain, Belayet, Islam, Md Saiful, Abraham, Sam, Sarker, Subir, Gogoi-Tiwari, Jully, and Uddin, Jasim M. (2026) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Across Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence in Cattle Population Between 2000 and 2025. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 12 (4). e71068.

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Abstract

Background: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a highly contagious and vertically transmitted pathogen that poses a significant economic threat to cattle herds worldwide. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall prevalence and identify associated risk factors of BVDV in Asian countries between 2000 and 2025. Methods: Articles published within the specified time periods were retrieved by searching multiple databases. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression model were performed to analyse the datasets. Results: A total of 133 articles from 22 Asian countries reported the prevalence of BVDV in cattle. Based on data from 160,042 cattle, the pooled seroprevalence was estimated at 40.50%, while antigen prevalence, derived from 44,636 cattle, was 9.0%. Among the five Asian regions, a higher antigen and seroprevalence of BVDV was recorded from East (10.30% and 53.10%, respectively) and West Asia (10.80% and 49.0%, respectively). At the country level, high seroprevalence of BVDV was reported in China (62.90%), Turkey (58.00%), Iran (47.90%) and Indonesia (44.10%), while high active-infection rates were observed in China (19.20%), Iraq (17.40%) and South Korea (16.90%). In the antibody dataset, the prevalence varied significantly across regional categories and economic status. In contrast, in the antigen dataset, significant differences were observed across regional categories, sample types and study-design subgroups. This meta-analysis revealed that animal-level antigen and antibody prevalence vary across all regions of Asia. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for region-specific, targeted control strategies, especially in dairy herds at high risk of active infection, to mitigate the spread and epidemiological impact of BVDV.

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