Biological parameter of cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) under laboratory conditions
Magfirah, Nurul, Sartiami, Dewi, Niogret, Jerome, and Ekayanti, Arni (2025) Biological parameter of cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) under laboratory conditions. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (1494) 012020. From: SEAPPRO 2024: 3rd Southeast Asia Plant Protection Conference, 1-2 November 2024, Bogor, Indonesia.
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Abstract
Cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella, causes a 50% reduction in cocoa pod productivity. Effective pest management requires an understanding of the biological characteristics of CPB. This study aims to provide information of CPB's infestation symptoms, pupal duration, adult body length, adult lifespan, adult flight ability, and female fecundity. Field observations of CPB larval infestation were made at all pod development stages of cocoa clone M01. Infested cocoa pods were collected in the field and brought to the laboratory to obtain the pupal phase. The pods were placed on a layer of dried cocoa leaves in a bug dorm for pupation. The duration of pupal to adult emergence was recorded. The fecundity of females was measured after copulation. Flight abilities were conducted by measuring the distance and time travel from the adult take-off's starting point to landing. Young cocoa pods showed premature yellowing of the husk due to CPB's larval feeds on the placenta around the beans. Pupal duration ranges from 6 to 10 days. The body length of male adults is 5.4-6.4 cm and female is 4.7-6.7 cm. The average flight distance and travel time of females are 392.5 ± 124.4 cm and 30.6 ± 16.6 seconds, males 379.7 ± 118.7 cm and 39.1 ± 26.5 seconds. The number of eggs laid by females averaged 114.21 ± 91.32 eggs (n=14). Female adults have longer body length and flight distances than males, but the duration of males travel longer than females.
| Item ID: | 88524 |
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| Item Type: | Conference Item (Research - E1) |
| ISSN: | 1755-1315 |
| Keywords: | fecundity, flight capability, life cycle, symptoms of attack |
| Copyright Information: | Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2026 00:45 |
| FoR Codes: | 30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3004 Crop and pasture production > 300409 Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds) @ 70% 31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3109 Zoology > 310999 Zoology not elsewhere classified @ 30% |
| SEO Codes: | 26 PLANT PRODUCTION AND PLANT PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 2605 Horticultural crops > 260503 Berry fruit (excl. kiwifruit) @ 50% 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280102 Expanding knowledge in the biological sciences @ 50% |
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