Dehghanpir, Shahla, Bazrafshan, Ommolbanin, Ramezani Etedali, Hadi, Holisaz, Arashk, and Ababaei, Behnam (2024) Evaluation of water stress index and water poverty in rice production based on the water footprint concept in Iran. Water and Soil Management and Modeling, 4 (1). pp. 18-35.

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Abstract

Rice is one of the most important cereals in many countries of the world, including Iran, on which food security and people's welfare depend. On the other hand, due to the high water requirement of rice, the cultivation of this crop has faced the challenge of water shortage. The aim of this study is to use the concept of water footprint to calculate water stress caused by rice production and water scarcity as tools for assessing water scarcity in rice-producing provinces in Iran during the statistical period of 1387 to 1398. This study evaluated the water stress index in rice production and water scarcity based on the application of the concept of water footprint in rice cultivation during the statistical period of 1387 to 1398. The average total footprint of rice is 3037 cubic meters per ton and the total volume resulting from its production is 4313 million cubic meters, with the shares of blue, green, and gray water footprints being 91.68, 6.93, and 1.39 percent, respectively. The amount of water resources available for rice production in the producing province is 21,992 million cubic meters, of which 6,872 and 15,210 million cubic meters are related to blue water and green water, respectively. The average value of the water stress index due to rice cultivation in Iran is 0.5 (out of 1.9). Also, water poverty due to rice production is 1,073 million cubic meters in Iran, with the highest and lowest levels of water poverty in Gilan and Khuzestan provinces (290 and 11 million cubic meters). Using the concept of water footprint and its derived indicators in rice production in each province allows for comprehensive information to be used to assess water stress in rice-producing provinces. On the other hand, given that these calculations take into account the water footprint and the status of water resources, they are very suitable for assessing water shortages, especially in the agricultural sector in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran.

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