Genetic differentiation and bottleneck effects in the malaria vectors Anopheles farauti and Anopheles punctulatus after an LLIN-based vector control program in Papua New Guinea
Keven, John B., Vinit, Rebecca, Katusele, Michelle, Reimer, Lisa J., Zimmerman, Peter A., Karl, Stephan, and Walker, Edward D. (2024) Genetic differentiation and bottleneck effects in the malaria vectors Anopheles farauti and Anopheles punctulatus after an LLIN-based vector control program in Papua New Guinea. Ecology and Evolution, 14 (2). e10917.
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Abstract
Implementation of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) programs to control human malaria transmission leads to substantial reductions in the abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes, but the impact on the population genetic structure of the malaria vectors is poorly known, nor has it been investigated in Papua New Guinea, where malaria is highly endemic and where several species of Anopheles have vector roles. Here, we applied Wright's F-statistic, analysis of molecular variance, Bayesian structure analysis, and discriminant analysis of principle components to microsatellite genotype data to analyze the population genetic structure of Anopheles farauti between and within the northern and southern lowland plains and of Anopheles punctulatus within the northern plain of Papua New Guinea after such a program. Bottleneck effects in the two malaria vectors were analyzed using Luikart and Cornuet's tests of heterozygosity. A large, panmictic population of An. punctulatus pre-LLIN program diverged into two subregional populations corresponding to Madang and East Sepik provinces post-LLIN distribution and experienced a genetic bottleneck during this process. By contrast, the An. farauti population existed as two regional populations isolated by mountain ranges pre-LLIN, a genetic structure that persisted after the distribution of LLINs with no further geographic differentiation nor evidence of a genetic bottleneck. These findings show the differential response of populations of different vector species to interventions, which has implications for program sustainability and gene flow.
| Item ID: | 87335 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 2045-7758 |
| Keywords: | Anopheles, bottleneck, microsatellites, mosquito, population genetics |
| Copyright Information: | © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Nov 2025 02:02 |
| FoR Codes: | 42 HEALTH SCIENCES > 4202 Epidemiology > 420202 Disease surveillance @ 50% 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3207 Medical microbiology > 320704 Medical parasitology @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280103 Expanding knowledge in the biomedical and clinical sciences @ 100% |
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