Howell, Tiffani J., Bennett, Pauleen C., and Oliva, Jessica Lee (2024) Disruptions in Transportation and Medical Care Experienced by Handlers of Assistance Dogs in Australia. Anthrozoos, 38 (2). pp. 389-406.

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Abstract

Anecdotal reports and limited available empirical evidence indicate that assistance-dog handlers are often denied access to places they are legally entitled to take their assistance dog. However, the frequency and contexts of access denials in Australia have not been established, and the emotional impacts of these denials are not well described. Furthermore, qualitative findings suggest that impromptu interactions with other people and dogs within the community can have both positive and negative impacts on the handler and assistance dog; larger-scale, quantitative research is needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency and contexts, and emotional impacts, of assistance-dog access denials among handlers in Australia, as well as handler interactions with people and dogs. Handlers (n = 77) throughout Australia completed an online survey. Commercial passenger vehicles (CPVs, e.g., Uber/taxi) were the most commonly reported context for access denials, reportedly occurring about half the time, followed by hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Bystander support was rare in any setting. Some participants reported avoiding CPVs (52%), restaurants (13%), and medical/dental centers (13%) owing to prior access denials. The emotional impacts of the denials were very negative (e.g., annoyed, excluded, anxious, hurt). Having a visible or invisible disability had no bearing on the frequency of access denials, nor did having a conventional (e.g., Labrador Retriever) versus unconventional (e.g., Pug) breed of assistance dog. Unexpected interactions with people and other dogs were common; participants reported having a positive social interaction as a good outcome, and the dog becoming temporarily distracted as a common negative outcome. Unfortunately, eight participants (10%) had to retire a dog as an outcome of a negative interaction. Some free-text responses indicated that the reporting process for access denials is onerous and ineffective. Future research should seek to understand whether this can be remedied.

Item ID:	86627
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1753-0377
Copyright Information:	© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The terms on whichthis article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2025 22:06
FoR Codes:	52 PSYCHOLOGY > 5205 Social and personality psychology > 520505 Social psychology @ 100%
SEO Codes:	20 HEALTH > 2002 Evaluation of health and support services > 200299 Evaluation of health and support services not elsewhere classified @ 100%
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