Smith, Hillary A., Chen, Carla C. M., Pollock, F. Joseph, Re, Morgan, Willis, Bette L., and Bourne, David G. (2023) Drivers of coral mortality in non-acute disturbance periods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 717. pp. 37-50.

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Abstract

Studies focused on understanding drivers of coral mortality often examine reef- or ecosystem-scale stressors and/or pulse events such as mass bleaching or disease outbreaks. While such work provides valuable information about large-scale changes to reef ecosystems, how stressors interact at the individual colony level across non-disturbance years is less understood. In this study, we tracked the fate of 400 plating Acropora coral colonies from 2 mid- and 2 outer-shelf reefs for 18 mo and examined (1) temporal changes in the prevalence of stressors, (2) how stressors affected the survival of individual colonies, and (3) survival rates of colonies after contracting disease. We found that 35.5% of all colonies died within the 18 mo observation period, a period free from acute disturbances (e.g. cyclones, mass bleaching, crown-of-thorns starfish [CoTS] outbreaks). Despite its low prevalence, predation (by Drupella spp. or CoTS) led to the greatest risk of complete mortality compared to corals that experienced no stressors (over 10-fold increased risk). Similarly, experiencing disease and physical injury (fragmentation, dislodgement) also increased the risk of complete mortality (~4-fold and ~2-fold, respectively). In contrast, while compromised health (i.e. bleaching, algal overgrowth) was common, this did not significantly increase the risk of colony mortality. Survival analysis of colonies with white syndrome showed that colonies exposed to stressors prior to contracting disease were 3 times more likely to die compared to colonies with disease alone. Our results highlight the complex interactions that occur among multiple stressors on coral reefs, even in non-disturbance years, and quantify the increased risk of mortality for colonies experiencing accumulated stressors.

Item ID:	82657
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1616-1599
Keywords:	Coral mortality, Coral demographics, Survival analysis, Coral disease, White syndrome, Crown-of-thorns starfish, Coral bleaching, Coral predation
Copyright Information:	Copyright © 2023 Inter-Research.
Date Deposited:	02 May 2024 06:24
FoR Codes:	31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3103 Ecology > 310305 Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology) @ 100%
SEO Codes:	18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1805 Marine systems and management > 180504 Marine biodiversity @ 100%
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