Novel Picornavirus Detected in Wild Deer: Identification, Genomic Characterisation, and Prevalence in Australia
Huaman, Jose L., Pacioni, Carlo, Sarker, Subir, Doyle, Mark, Forsyth, David M., Pople, Anthony, Carvalho, Teresa G., and Helbig, Karla J. (2021) Novel Picornavirus Detected in Wild Deer: Identification, Genomic Characterisation, and Prevalence in Australia. Viruses, 13 (12). 2412.
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Abstract
The use of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated virus discovery in wild animals and helped determine their potential threat to humans and other animals. We report the complete genome sequence of a novel picornavirus identified by next-generation sequencing in faeces from Australian fallow deer. Genomic analysis revealed that this virus possesses a typical picornavirus-like genomic organisation of 7554 nt with a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 2225 amino acids. Based on the amino acid identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the P1, 2C, 3CD, and VP1 regions, this novel picornavirus was closely related to but distinct from known bopiviruses detected to date. This finding suggests that deer/bopivirus could belong to a novel species within the genus Bopivirus, tentatively designated as “Bopivirus C”. Epidemiological investigation of 91 deer (71 fallow, 14 sambar and 6 red deer) and 23 cattle faecal samples showed that six fallow deer and one red deer (overall prevalence 7.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–15.0%) tested positive, but deer/bopivirus was undetectable in sambar deer and cattle. In addition, phylogenetic and sequence analyses indicate that the same genotype is circulating in south-eastern Australia. To our knowledge, this study reports for the first time a deer-origin bopivirus and the presence of a member of genus Bopivirus in Australia. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are needed to investigate the geographic distribution and pathogenic potential of this novel Bopivirus species in other domestic and wild animal species.
| Item ID: | 79811 |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| Keywords: | Bopivirus, Complete genome, Deer, Phylogenetics, Viral isolation, Viral metagenomics |
| Copyright Information: | © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Funders: | Australian Research Council (ARC) |
| Projects and Grants: | ARC DE200100367 |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Aug 2023 04:51 |
| FoR Codes: | 30 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND FOOD SCIENCES > 3009 Veterinary sciences > 300914 Veterinary virology @ 50% 31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3105 Genetics > 310509 Genomics @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 10 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS > 1004 Livestock raising > 100403 Deer @ 100% |
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