McDonald, Gavin G., Costello, Christopher, Bone, Jennifer, Cabral, Reniel B., Farabee, Valerie, Hochberg, Timothy, Kroodsma, David, Mangin, Tracey, Meng, Kyle C., and Zahn, Oliver (2021) Reply to Swartz et al.: Challenges and opportunities for identifying forced labor using satellite-based fishing vessel monitoring. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118 (19). e2104563118.

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Abstract

We appreciate Swartz et al. (1) for highlighting several key considerations for interpreting our results (2). While we discuss many of these in our paper, we are grateful to further highlight our work’s strengths, limitations, and future opportunities. A major challenge with understanding fisheries labor abuses is a lack of data. Automatic identification system (AIS) is only used by a subset of the global fishing fleet. However, AIS is valuable for monitoring certain types of fishing vessels, especially those that are large (∼52 to 85% carry AIS) (3) and those fishing on the high seas (∼80% carry AIS) (4). Mandating AIS and unique identifiers on fishing vessels and publishing vessel registries would facilitate more inclusive AIS-based analyses (5).

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