Metz, Isabel, Stamper, Christine, and Ng, Eddy (2022) Feeling included and excluded in organizations: the role of human and social capital. Journal of Business Research, 142. pp. 122-137.

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Abstract

We rely on social identity and self-categorization theories to investigate how human capital and social capital may be associated with a sense of inclusion and exclusion. We conducted a qualitative study in a professional academic association, since these organizations exist to serve both the profession and the professionals they represent and should therefore foster an inclusive environment for their members. Respondents provided information about their experiences of inclusion and exclusion in the association. Our results suggest a complex interplay between human capital and social capital leading to experiences of inclusion and exclusion. Inclusion was most frequently associated with social capital and involvement in association activities, whereas exclusion was attributed to (a lack of) both human capital and social capital. Further, we found evidence that members may experience both inclusion and exclusion, and that these experiences could be associated with their identification with multiple sub-communities within the Association.

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