Algal symbionts increase oxidative damage and death in coral larvae at high temperatures
Yakovleva, Irina M., Baird, Andrew H., Yamamoto, Hiromi H., Bhagooli , Ranjeet, Nonaka, Masanori, and Hidaka, Michio (2009) Algal symbionts increase oxidative damage and death in coral larvae at high temperatures. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 378. pp. 105-112.
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Abstract
Mutualisms are often viewed as reciprocal exploitations that nonetheless provide net benefits to each partner. While the benefits of symbiosis with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae) for corals are well understood, the costs of the association, particularly when under stress, remain a focus of much research. One of the primary impediments to exploring the costs of symbiosis in zooxanthellate corals is that it is impossible to examine the animal host in isolation. Evidence for a cost of symbiosis with zooxanthellae includes the fact that direct transmission of zooxanthellae between generations is rare, particularly in broadcast spawning corals. Fortuitously, the absence of zooxanthellae in oocytes of many species and the ability to readily infect larvae with zooxanthellae provide an opportunity to compare individuals with and without these symbionts. Here, we use this larval model to show that individuals with zooxanthellae have lower survival than those lacking zooxanthellae when exposed to high temperature. Higher activity of anti-oxidant defenses and higher levels of oxidative cellular damage in larvae with zooxanthellae suggest that oxidative stress originating in the symbionts is a cause of tissue damage in the host under heat stress. We hypothesize that this may be one reason for the absence of direct transmission of zooxanthellae in most broadcast spawning corals whose propagules must spend at least 1 d on the ocean surface.
Item ID: | 10726 |
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Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
ISSN: | 1616-1599 |
Keywords: | ultraviolet-radiation; scleractinian corals; endosymbiotic algae; Porites-asteoides; planula larvae; amino-acids; stress; reef; oxygen; host; bleaching; coral reef; evolution; oxidative stress; symbiosis |
Funders: | Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium |
Date Deposited: | 20 Apr 2010 23:10 |
FoR Codes: | 06 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 0602 Ecology > 060205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl Marine Ichthyology) @ 50% 05 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 0502 Environmental Science and Management > 050299 Environmental Science and Management not elsewhere classified @ 50% |
SEO Codes: | 97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970106 Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences @ 100% |
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