Upscaling Models for the Large-Scale Assessment of Soil Functions

Wadoux, Alexandre M.J.C., Creamer, Rachel E., Lagacherie, Philippe, and Debeljak, Marko (2026) Upscaling Models for the Large-Scale Assessment of Soil Functions. European Journal of Soil Science, 77 (1). e70253.

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Abstract

The characterization and assessment of soil functions is a prerequisite for agricultural and environmental policies aimed at soil health. However, there is a lack of satisfactory models for the assessment of soil functions supply to support national and intergovernmental initiatives. In this study we fill this gap by restructuring models developed to assess the multifunctionality of agricultural soils at the field scale. The multi-criteria decision models rely on soil properties, site characteristics and management information to assess the following five soil functions: (1) water regulation, (2) climate regulation, (3) nutrient cycling, (4) primary productivity and (5) provision of habitat for biodiversity. We develop models to assess soil functions supply at regional and national scales by adapting their structure to cope with the general lack of information on soil management at larger geographical scales. The restructured models are verified and a sensitivity analysis of the new model structure is performed. We further applied a comparison of the upscaled models with results from validated field-scale models using real data from 94 sites spanning across 13 European countries. We found that the upscaled models showed a similar sensitivity to the variability of the input data from the 94 sampling sites as the base models from which they were developed and that their overall supply is expected to be comparable. We describe the model structure of the upscaled models as well as their qualitative scales and integration rules. We propose the application of the models can serve for large-scale assessment of soil functions supply as part of soil health assessment for regional and national environmental and agricultural policies.

Item ID: 91813
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1365-2389
Keywords: ecosystem services, multi-attribute modelling, multifunctionality, soil health, soil navigator
Copyright Information: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2026 The Author(s). European Journal of Soil Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society of Soil Science.
Date Deposited: 07 Oct 2026 02:34
FoR Codes: 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4106 Soil sciences > 410601 Land capability and soil productivity @ 100%
SEO Codes: 18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1806 Terrestrial systems and management > 180601 Assessment and management of terrestrial ecosystems @ 100%
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