Trinita, Melinda Ayu, Prima, Pradia Kumala Widiasti, Panjaitan, Althaline Gloria, Dewi, Ika Puspita, Cristianty, Fransiska M., Normasari, Rena, Setiadi, Yanuar, Kristiningrum, Nia, Hendra, Rudi, Ali, Saqib, Keller, Paul A., Wangchuk, Phurpa, and Nugraha, Ari Satia (2025) Pharmacological and phytochemical evaluation of anti-diabetic extract from Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 15 (6). pp. 607-617.

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Abstract

Diabetes is one of the serious health problems in Indonesia, causing a decline in productivity, quality of life, and financial burden. The Indonesian government program in the pharmacy sector is developing herbal-based medicine. Indigenous people of Indonesia have used 251 medicinal plants to treat diabetes, including an endemic Vitaceae vine, Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb, for which no reports exist on its phytochemical and antidiabetic properties. In the current study, A. rubiginosa was evaluated for its antidiabetic potency using in vitro and in vivo studies. The crude ethanol extract of the root of A. rubiginosa indicated a potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC<inf>50</inf> value of 41.37 μg/mL compared to the positive control (acarbose 4) IC<inf>50</inf> value of 186.35 μg/mL). An animal model study confirmed the anti-diabetic efficacy, reducing blood glucose levels by 57.01±23.72% at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW. A similar dose also reduces blood triglycerides and cholesterol by 39.94±13.06 % and 28.46±19.50%, respectively. Phytochemical study successfully isolated three major constituents, myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside 1, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside 2, and kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnoside 3. A standard computational investigation revealed that compound 1 has the strongest binding affinity for α-glucosidase and the human ABCB8 protein. Overall, these findings supported the traditional use of A. rubiginosa in lowering blood sugar levels, and the crude extract can be further developed as an herbal-based anti-diabetic medicine.

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