Mimi, Masuda Sultana, Das, Simon Kumar, Rahman, Mohammad Luftar, Salam, Mohammad Abdus, Islam, Md. Nushur, Rahman, Tamanna, Das, Sumi Rani, Hasan, Mohammad Nazmol, and Mazumder, Sabuj Kanti (2026) Physiological Responses of Kalibaus (Labeo calbasu) to Temperature Changes: Metabolic, Haemato-Biochemical, Hormonal and Immune Effects. Fishes, 11 (1). 46.

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Abstract

A global interest in the cultivation of Kalibaus (Labeo calbasu) has emerged due to decreasing natural stocks and a consistent rise in market value and demand. Given these concerns, understanding the species’ physiological responses to environmental changes is crucial. The present research aimed to assess the effect of varying environmental temperatures on metabolism, haemato-biochemical indices, hormonal concentrations and immune responses in L. calbasu. This study was conducted in triplicate using 100 L glass aquariums at four different temperatures: 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C. The highest weight and length gain were observed at 30 °C, while the lowest occurred at 22 °C. Notably, the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.51 ± 0.03 was also recorded at 30 °C. Although haematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges, they varied with temperature changes. Indicators of cold and heat stress were evident through lower hematocrit levels and higher white blood cell (WBC) counts. Biochemical indicators such as serum albumin (1.84 ± 0.05 g dL−1), serum globulin (1.64 ± 0.06 gdL−1), HCO3 (30.93 ± 0.62), Na+ (115.60 ± 3.72 mmolL−1), alkaline phosphatase (93.33 ± 9.39 AP, IUL−1), and AST/SGOT (21.00 ± 4.55 UL−1) were significantly higher at 30 °C. Regarding hormonal responses, peak levels of growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3) (1.44 ± 0.07 ngmL−1), and thyroxine (T4) were recorded at 30 °C. Meanwhile, serum cortisol (1.62 ± 0.06 µgdL−1) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (18.01 ± 3.26 pgmL−1) were highest at 34 °C. Immune responses were strongest between 26 and 30 °C. In conclusion, the results suggest that L. calbasu should ideally be cultured between 26 and 30 °C for optimum growth and health, making it ideal for commercial farming.

Item ID:	90431
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	2410-3888
Keywords:	Kalibaus, temperature, metabolism, haemato-biochemical, hormone
Related URLs:	https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/11/1/46
Copyright Information:	© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
Date Deposited:	29 Jan 2026 02:49
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