Streit, Robert P., Morrison, Tiffany H., and Bellwood, David R. (2025) Reconciling urgency and restraint in the coral climate crisis: A philosophy of practice. Cell Reports Sustainability, 2 (11). 100529.

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Abstract

Many ecosystems are unraveling under record-breaking climate stress. Urgent action is essential. However, balancing urgency with reflection on what is feasible, appropriate, and fair remains challenging. Coral reef conservation has seen growing emphasis on bespoke technological interventions—promising solutions that fill a perceived void between inaction and ecological collapse. While technological solutions meet a desire for agency, they may reinforce a narrow logic of action, sidelining strategic re-visioning and deeper shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging ideas that reframe how to approach future social-ecological systems. We term this synthesis Minimum-In Minimum-Out (MIMO). MIMO is a philosophy of practice for stewardship under climate change, centered on ecological and ethical integrity. MIMO aligns long-term resilience with retreat from overengineering, while embracing natural dynamics, bioethics, and novel systems. Far from passive, MIMO provides a framework for navigating complex decisions via deliberate, decisive, and responsible care for climate-impacted systems—and the people who depend on them.

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