Hawkins, Darcy, Smith, Moira, and Combers, Amy (2025) The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation and exercise on gait, for people with multiple sclerosis. In: APASC25: Abstract Book. p. 709. From: APASC25: Australian Physiotherapy Association Scientific Conference, 22-25 October 2025, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

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Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation plus exercise on gait for people with multiple sclerosis. Design: Systematic Review Method: A systematic search of CINAHL, Emcare, Medline, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) plus exercise was compared to sham NIBS plus exercise or exercise alone, using valid outcome measures of gait (e.g., 10-Metre Walk Test). Data on demographics, procedures, intervention parameters and outcomes were extracted. Quality was assessed using the McMasters Critical Review Form. Results: Eleven high-to-moderate quality studies met the inclusion criteria. Most used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the motor cortex; others used cerebellar tDCS or transcranial magnetic stimulation. Exercises included aerobic, balance or mixed programs. Six studies showed a significant between-group difference favouring NIBS with exercise, four showed no difference, and one showed mixed results. Gait improvements were observed from 0-6 months when 10 or more sessions of tDCS targeting the motor cortex were combined with lower limb exercise. Conclusion: NIBS combined with exercise can enhance gait outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis. Optimal effects occur with tDCS targeting the motor cortex plus lower limb exercise, for 10 or more sessions. Future trials should examine long-term practicality (e.g., functional impact, cost). Key points: • NIBS combined with exercise may improve gait for people with multiple sclerosis. • Most consistent gains occurred with 10 or more sessions of tDCS to the motor cortex. • Exercise alone was beneficial; NIBS furthered improvements in most cases.

Item ID:	89402
Item Type:	Conference Item (Abstract / Summary)
Keywords:	non-invasive brain stimulation; multiple sclerosis, exercise, physiotherapy
Date Deposited:	06 Nov 2025 00:14
FoR Codes:	42 HEALTH SCIENCES > 4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science > 420106 Physiotherapy @ 100%
SEO Codes:	20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions @ 100%
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