Normalising Choice: An Observational Study of Australian Clinicians' Perspectives on Written Informed Consent for Vaginal Birth
Ananthram, Harsha, Vangaveti, Venkat, Woolley, Torres, Dawes, Amy, and Rane, Ajay (2025) Normalising Choice: An Observational Study of Australian Clinicians' Perspectives on Written Informed Consent for Vaginal Birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (In Press)
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Abstract
Background: The NSW Birth Trauma Report identified flawed consent processes and poor calibre antenatal information to have harmed birthing women. Written informed consent for vaginal birth may improve carer accountability and is currently applied in limited circumstances, for example, vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC).
Aims: This study explores how informed women are about birth, as perceived by clinicians, and perspectives on the implications of written informed consent for vaginal birth.
Materials and Methods: This study uses survey-based research for quantitative data and inductive content analysis for open-ended questions. Main outcome measures include carer perceptions on consent to the mode and/or location of birth and arguments against/in favour of written informed consent.
Results: One thousand two hundred and seventy-one responses were analysed for the final results, with 851 (67%) obstetric (Obs) and 420 (33%) midwifery (MW) respondents. Obs were eight times likelier to believe that women are never/rarely fully informed regarding vaginal birth (p < 0.001). The majority in both cohorts agreed women are frequently/always fully informed about VBAC. However, only 49 (6.6%) Obs and 20 (6%) MW were aware of written informed consent forms in use for vaginal birth. Themes developed include—‘helpless clinicians’ facing impediments to consent, flawed understanding of consent, rejection of consent requirements, juxtaposing consent with normality, disruption to collaboration and antenatal information undermining consent.
Conclusions: Maternity carers in this Australian survey agree women are not fully informed regarding the risks and benefits of birth. Written informed consent alongside adjuncts like birth plans or technology-based platforms may offer a way ahead for the future.
| Item ID: | 88539 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1479-828X |
| Keywords: | caesarean section, information provision, informed consent, maternal choice, vaginal birth |
| Copyright Information: | This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2025 The Author(s). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Oct 2025 00:16 |
| FoR Codes: | 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3215 Reproductive medicine > 321502 Obstetrics and gynaecology @ 100% |
| SEO Codes: | 20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200199 Clinical health not elsewhere classified @ 40% 20 HEALTH > 2003 Provision of health and support services > 200399 Provision of health and support services not elsewhere classified @ 60% |
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