A Comprehensive Review on the Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Horizontal and Inclined Closed Rectangular Enclosures with Internal Objects at Various Heating Conditions
Jobby, Antony, Khatamifar, Mehdi, and Lin, Wenxian (2025) A Comprehensive Review on the Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Horizontal and Inclined Closed Rectangular Enclosures with Internal Objects at Various Heating Conditions. Energies, 18 (4). 950.
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Abstract
This study is a comprehensive review on the natural convection heat transfer in horizontal and inclined closed rectangular enclosures with internal objects (including circular, square, elliptic, rectangular, and triangular cylinders, thin plates, as well as other geometries) at various heating conditions. The review examines the influence of various pertinent governing parameters, including the Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, geometries, inclination of enclosure, concentration of nanoparticles, non-Newtonian fluids, magnetic force, porous media, etc. It also reviews various numerical simulation methods used in the previous studies. The present review shows that the presence of inner objects at different heating conditions and the inclination of enclosures significantly changes the natural convection flow and heat transfer behavior. It is found that the existing studies within the scope of the present review are essentially numerical with the assumption of laminar flow and at relatively low Rayleigh numbers, which significantly restrict the usefulness of the results for practical applications. Furthermore, the majority of the past studies focused on single and two inner objects in simple shapes (circular, square, and elliptic) and assumed identical objects and uniformly distributed placements when multiple inner objects are presented. Based on the review outcomes, some recommendations for future research on this specific topic are made.
| Item ID: | 88317 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| Keywords: | heat transfer, heating, horizontal enclosure, inclined enclosure, inner object, natural convection, review |
| Copyright Information: | © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Apr 2026 04:32 |
| FoR Codes: | 40 ENGINEERING > 4012 Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering > 401204 Computational methods in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer (incl. computational fluid dynamics) @ 100% |
| SEO Codes: | 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280110 Expanding knowledge in engineering @ 100% |
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