Advanced oxidation process-mediated removal of pharmaceuticals from water: a review of recent advances
Kanakaraju, Devagi, Glass, Beverley D., and Goh, Pei Sean (2025) Advanced oxidation process-mediated removal of pharmaceuticals from water: a review of recent advances. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32 (24). pp. 14316-14350.
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Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds have raised significant environmental concerns, due to their persistent and non-biodegradable nature. Addressing their presence in the environment has become a priority, leading to the application of various removal treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) undoubtedly have emerged as highly effective removal techniques, as evidenced by the growing body of work in this area. This review offers an overview of the recent advances in the development of AOPs for treating pharmaceuticals and their by-products. Current trends and discoveries reported in diverse AOP studies have been scrutinized and are presented. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the use of TiO<inf>2</inf>-mediated photocatalysis, which stands out as one of the most explored AOPs for pharmaceutical remediation. Performance aspects of TiO<inf>2</inf> photocatalytic treatment are explored and discussed encompassing both commercially available and synthesized TiO<inf>2</inf>, as well as engineered TiO<inf>2</inf>-based materials (e.g. activated carbon, polymers, metals and non-metals), all aimed at removal of pharmaceutical compounds from the environment. The review concludes by summarizing key findings and offers insights into directions for future research.
| Item ID: | 88079 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 |
| Keywords: | Advanced oxidation processes, Pharmaceuticals, Photocatalysis, Transformation products, Wastewater |
| Copyright Information: | © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Mar 2026 03:14 |
| FoR Codes: | 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences > 321405 Pharmaceutical sciences @ 50% 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4104 Environmental management > 410405 Environmental rehabilitation and restoration @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1803 Fresh, ground and surface water systems and management > 180307 Rehabilitation or conservation of fresh, ground and surface water environments @ 100% |
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