Ho, Billy S.H., and Fong, Ben Y.F. (2024) Health Promotion in the Community-Revisited After COVID-19. In: UNSPECIFIED, (ed.) Sustainable Health Promotion Practices and the Global Economy. Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy . Routledge, London, United Kingdom, pp. 1-24.

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Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 emphasises that all individuals have a healthy lifestyle and promote well-being. Some key developments in the global agenda of health promotion have been made in the past decades, including the Ottawa Charter 1986, the Bangkok Charter 2005, the Helsinki Statement on Health in All Policies 2013, and the Shanghai Declaration (9th Global Conference on Health Promotion 2016). Analysis of these charters and declarations helps charting the evolving standards, goals, and strategies. Indeed, most scientists and health professionals regard health promotion as a comprehensive approach to achieving SDG 3. At the community level, health promotion plays an essential role in improving personal preventive behaviour, population health, and health equality. Nevertheless, the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not only severely affecting national economies but also posing a threat to human health and public safety. Obviously, the emergence and worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a considerable reduction in implementing the progress and development of SDG 3. This chapter defines health promotion practices with a focus on reviewing and evaluating the recent developments, progress made, the lessons learned, and the challenges encountered in implementing health promotion practices, principles, strategies, and approaches, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The international charters will be reviewed by case studies of regions and countries in terms of endorsement, supports, and actions, and with reference to initiatives to help developing countries. The evolvement of health promotion practices in the global agenda and actions and international collaborations are the prerequisites for tackling the devastating global public health crisis and confronting the challenges of the future in the achievement of SDG 3.

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