Alsaud, Noor, Shahbaz, Kaveh, and Farid, Mohammed (2021) Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of β-caryophyllene from New Zealand Manuka leaves (Leptospermum scoparium). Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 166. pp. 97-108.

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Abstract

Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka) is a small indigenous shrub belonging to the family of Myrtaceae, which is equivalent to a tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Australia. Manuka leaves are rich in bioactive terpenes such as β-caryophyllene, which are scientifically proven to have potential activities in different areas including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antioxidant, and anaesthetic. This research considers for the first time the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green and sustainable solvents for the extraction of β-caryophyllene (β-CAR) from New Zealand Manuka leaves. The extraction was carried out using twenty-six types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DESs. Menthol: Lactic acid DES was found to have higher extractability of β-caryophyllene than n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol as reference solvents. Moreover, Menthol: Lactic acid DES at 1:2 molar ratio was more efficient than conventional steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, β-caryophyllene showed a good stability in menthol: lactic acid DES over 9 days of storage. The final β-caryophyllene concentration (β-CAR = 8.713605 mg/g Manuka leaf) after 4 cycles of extraction suggests a good reusability of the potential DES. The extraction of β-caryophyllene using this DES was further optimised using RSM (response surface methodology) combined with BBD (Box–Behnken design). The optimum experimental conditions were as follows: temperature 25.07 °C, stirring time 1.09 h, and % w/v biomass of 14.99%, which gave an extraction yield of 10.25 mg of β-caryophyllene/g Manuka leaf.

Item ID:	86789
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1744-3563
Copyright Information:	© 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2025 23:29
FoR Codes:	40 ENGINEERING > 4004 Chemical engineering > 400409 Separation technologies @ 100%
SEO Codes:	24 MANUFACTURING > 2414 Processed non-food agriculture products (excl. wood, paper and fibre) > 241403 Plant extracts @ 100%
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