Liang, Bomiao, Yang, Jiajia, Wen, Fushuan, Wang, Licheng, Dong, Zhaoyang, and Hou, Beiping (2025) Collaborative planning of virtual power plants with diversified and flexible resources that balances fairness and efficiency. Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric Power Systems, 49. pp. 67-76.

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Abstract

Under the the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, the function of virtual power plant (VPP) in aggregating massive and diverse distributed flexible resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Clarifying the business model, key issues, and target demands of VPP is conducive to the potential exploration of flexible resources and VPP and the low-carbon and zero-carbon construction of the new power system. Meanwhile, concerns about fairness at the social level are also strengthening. Energy fairness is related to basic production and life. Moreover, as the operation of flexible resources may involve different participants, the demand for fairness in VPP planning and scheduling is even more intense compared with traditional scenarios. Therefore, this paper introduces fairness measurement standards in the VPP planning and proposes aggregation, invocation, and benefit distribution schemes considering fairness and efficiency. Firstly, considering the VPP market interaction and the contracted scheduling of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprehensively, a medium and long-term scheduling revenue model for DER and VPP is established. Next, the VPP combinatorial optimization under uncertain risks and the collaborative optimization of DER decisions with fairness concerns are carried out, and they are solved with the help of a two-stage optimization model based on the idea of signing first and then scheduling. Then, the optimization of the DER renewal rate and the influence of the regional capacity load limit are explored. Finally, from the analysis of specific calculation cases and data results, it is concluded that the compression of the revenue space of VPP by fairness concerns is actually rather limited. However, it is necessary to establish reasonable market-based pricing for flexible resources such as battery energy storage system and interruptible loads to avoid vicious competition and investment waste.

Item ID:	86362
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1000-1026
Keywords:	虚拟电厂, 灵活资源, 需求侧响应, 公平关切, 两阶段优化, virtual power plant, flexible resource, demand response, fairness concern, two-stage optimization
Additional Information:	[Original title in Chinese] 兼顾公平与效率的聚合多元灵活资源虚拟电厂协同规划 [Abstract in Chinese] “碳达峰·碳中和”目标下，虚拟电厂(VPP)在聚合海量、多元的分布式灵活资源方面的功能日渐凸显，厘清VPP的商业模型、关键问题、目标诉求有助于灵活资源和VPP的潜力挖掘和新型电力系统的低碳/零碳构建。与此同时，社会层面对于公平的关切也在加强，能源公平关系到基础生产生活，且由于灵活资源的运营可能涉及不同的参与主体，VPP规划调度中对公平性的诉求相较于传统场景尤甚。因此，文中在VPP规划中引入公平性衡量标准，提出兼顾公平与效率的聚合、调用、利益分配方案。首先，综合考虑VPP市场互动、分布式资源(DER)签约调度，建立DER和VPP的中长期调度收益模型。然后，进行不确定风险下的VPP组合优化和具有公平关切的DER决策的协同优化，并基于先签约后调度的思路借助两阶段优化模型进行求解。接着，探究了DER续约率的优化和区域容量载量限制的影响。最后，从具体的算例和数据结果分析得出，公平关切对VPP的收益空间压缩其实较为有限，但需要确立合理的储能、可中断负荷等灵活性资源的市场化定价，以避免造成恶性竞争和投资浪费。
Date Deposited:	27 Aug 2025 01:11
FoR Codes:	40 ENGINEERING > 4008 Electrical engineering > 400805 Electrical energy transmission, networks and systems @ 100%
SEO Codes:	17 ENERGY > 1703 Energy storage, distribution and supply > 170305 Energy systems and analysis @ 100%
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