Beijing’s public diplomacy: From soft power to sharp power and the Australian experience
Hayes, Anna (2025) Beijing’s public diplomacy: From soft power to sharp power and the Australian experience. In: Ping, Jonathan, Hayes, Anna, and McCormick, Brett, (eds.) Chinese International Relations Theory: As Emerging from Practice and Policy. Routledge, London, UK, pp. 161-181.
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Abstract
Sharp power has become a critical feature of Chinese international relations (CIR). Australia was one of the first states to experience and respond to Beijing’s sharp power, resulting in a reset of the Australia-China bilateral relationship. While Australia sought to protect itself from espionage and foreign interference by passing new legislation and banning questionable technology companies such as Huawei and ZTE from bidding on Australia’s 5G network, Beijing was planning its response. From 2018, Beijing used its ‘wolf warrior diplomats’, then economic coercion and sanctions to try to coerce Australia to abandon such safeguards for its sovereignty and independence. This chapter argues that sharp power is a central feature of CIR, and Australian responses provide a model for other states in identifying and responding to acts of sharp power penetration by aggressor states like China.
| Item ID: | 85586 |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Book Chapter (Research - B1) |
| ISBN: | 9780429197697 |
| Copyright Information: | © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Jonathan Ping, Anna Hayes and Brett McCormick; individual chapters, the contributors. |
| Date Deposited: | 22 May 2025 01:08 |
| FoR Codes: | 44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4408 Political science > 440801 Australian government and politics @ 30% 44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4408 Political science > 440807 Government and politics of Asia and the Pacific @ 20% 44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4408 Political science > 440808 International relations @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 23 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 2303 International relations > 230304 International political economy (excl. international trade) @ 20% 23 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 2303 International relations > 230305 Peace and conflict @ 20% 23 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES > 2303 International relations > 230399 International relations not elsewhere classified @ 60% |
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