Schmidt, Thomas L., Endersby-Harshman, Nancy M., van Rooyen, Anthony R.J., Katusele, Michelle, Vinit, Rebecca, Robinson, Leanne J., Laman, Moses, Karl, Stephan, and Hoffmann, Ary A. (2024) Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes in Aedes mosquitoes. Nature Communications, 15. 6251.

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Abstract

Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Ae. albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) are globally invasive pests that confer the world’s dengue burden. Insecticide-based management has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in both species, though the genetic architecture and geographical spread of resistance remains incompletely understood. This study investigates partial selective sweeps at resistance genes on two chromosomes and characterises their spread across populations. Sweeps at the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene on chromosome 3 correspond to one resistance-associated nucleotide substitution in Ae. albopictus and three in Ae. aegypti, including two substitutions at the same nucleotide position (F1534C) that have evolved and spread independently. In Ae. aegypti, we also identify partial sweeps at a second locus on chromosome 2. This locus contains 15 glutathione S-transferase (GST) epsilon class genes with significant copy number variation among populations and where three distinct genetic backgrounds have spread across the Indo-Pacific region, the Americas, and Australia. Local geographical patterns and linkage networks indicate VSSC and GST backgrounds probably spread at different times and interact locally with different genes to produce resistance phenotypes. These findings highlight the rapid global spread of resistance and are evidence for the critical importance of GST genes in resistance evolution.

Item ID:	85295
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	2041-1723
Copyright Information:	Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funders:	Australian Research Council (ARC), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC)
Projects and Grants:	ARC DE230100257, NHMRC GNT1161627, NHMRC GNT1141441, NHMRC Ideas Grant 2004390
Date Deposited:	30 Apr 2025 02:29
FoR Codes:	42 HEALTH SCIENCES > 4202 Epidemiology > 420207 Major global burdens of disease @ 100%
SEO Codes:	20 HEALTH > 2004 Public health (excl. specific population health) > 200404 Disease distribution and transmission (incl. surveillance and response) @ 100%
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