Characteristics of the Western Province, Zambia, trial site for evaluation of attractive targeted sugar baits for malaria vector control
Arnzen, Annie, Wagman, Joseph, Chishya, Chama, Orange, Erica, Eisele, Thomas P., Yukich, Joshua, Ashton, Ruth A., Chanda, Javan, Sakala, Jimmy, Chanda, Benjamin, Muyabe, Rayford, Kaniki, Tresford, Mwenya, Mwansa, Mwaanga, Gift, Eaton, Will T., Mancuso, Brooke, Mungo, Alice, Mburu, Monicah M., Bubala, Nchimunya, Hagwamuna, Ackim, Simulundu, Edgar, Saili, Kochelani, Miller, John M., Silumbe, Kafula, Hamainza, Busiku, Ngulube, Willy, Moonga, Hawela, Chirwa, Jacob, Burkot, Thomas R., Slutsker, Laurence, and Littrell, Megan (2024) Characteristics of the Western Province, Zambia, trial site for evaluation of attractive targeted sugar baits for malaria vector control. Malaria Journal, 23. 153.
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Abstract
Background: The attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel malaria vector control tool designed to attract and kill mosquitoes using a sugar-based bait, laced with oral toxicant. Western Province, Zambia, was one of three countries selected for a series of phase III cluster randomized controlled trials of the Westham ATSB Sarabi version 1.2. The trial sites in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia were selected to represent a range of different ecologies and malaria transmission settings across sub-Saharan Africa. This case study describes the key characteristics of the ATSB Zambia trial site to allow for interpretation of the results relative to the Kenya and Mali sites.
Methods: This study site characterization incorporates data from the trial baseline epidemiological and mosquito sugar feeding surveys conducted in 2021, as well as relevant literature on the study area.
Results: Characterization of the trial site: The trial site in Zambia was comprised of 70 trial-designed clusters in Kaoma, Nkeyema, and Luampa districts. Population settlements in the trial site were dispersed across a large geographic area with sparsely populated villages. The overall population density in the 70 study clusters was 65.7 people per square kilometre with a total site population of 122,023 people living in a geographic area that covered 1858 square kilometres. However, the study clusters were distributed over a total area of approximately 11,728 square kilometres. The region was tropical with intense and seasonal malaria transmission. An abundance of trees and other plants in the trial site were potential sources of sugar meals for malaria vectors. Fourteen Anopheles species were endemic in the site and Anopheles funestus was the dominant vector, likely accounting for around 95% of all Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections. Despite high coverage of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets, the baseline malaria prevalence during the peak malaria transmission season was 50% among people ages six months and older.
Conclusion: Malaria transmission remains high in Western Province, Zambia, despite coverage with vector control tools. New strategies are needed to address the drivers of malaria transmission in this region and other malaria-endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa.
Item ID: | 85198 |
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Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
ISSN: | 1475-2875 |
Copyright Information: | © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
Date Deposited: | 23 Apr 2025 00:01 |
FoR Codes: | 42 HEALTH SCIENCES > 4202 Epidemiology > 420207 Major global burdens of disease @ 100% |
SEO Codes: | 20 HEALTH > 2004 Public health (excl. specific population health) > 200404 Disease distribution and transmission (incl. surveillance and response) @ 100% |
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