Jonas, Harry D., Bingham, Heather C., Bennett, Nathan J., Woodley, Stephen, Zlatanova, Ryan, Howland, Emily, Belle, Elise, Upton, Jasmin, Gottlieb, Bex, Kamath, Vignesh, Lessmann, Janeth, Giacomo, Delli, Dubois, Grégoire, Ahmadia, Gabby, Claudet, Joachim, Cook, Carly, Deza, Johana, Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten, Gurney, Georgina, Lemieux, Christopher J., and Ruiz, Lucia (2024) Global status and emerging contribution of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) towards the ‘30x30’ biodiversity Target 3. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 5. 1447434.

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Abstract

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are sites outside of protected areas that deliver the effective, long-term conservation of biodiversity. Both protected areas and OECMs contribute to the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework’s Target 3, which calls for the conservation of 30% of marine, terrestrial and inland water areas by 2030. This paper provides the first global assessment of the contribution of OECMs to GBF Target 3. Between 2019 and 2023, 820 sites in nine countries and territories were reported to the World Database on OECMs, covering 1.9 million km² of the Earth’s surface and, in the terrestrial realm, contributing over 1% to the 30% coverage target. Notably, over 50% of reported OECMs are under governance by governments and less than 2% are governed by Indigenous peoples and local communities. In countries and territories that have reported OECMs, a far greater proportion of OECMs than protected areas are under shared governance (40.9% compared to 2.5%), and collaborative governance is the most common governance sub-type among reported OECMs. This paper finds that almost 30% of the 820 reported OECMs overlap with identified Key Biodiversity Areas, which are one global classification of areas of particular importance for biodiversity. With Target 3’s pressing deadline of 2030, there is an urgent need to scale up understanding and local to national engagement with the OECM framework, ensuring that it fulfills its potential to recognize diverse forms of equitable governance and effective conservation.

Item ID:	84842
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	2673-611X
Copyright Information:	Copyright © 2024 Jonas, Bingham, Bennett, Woodley, Zlatanova, Howland, Belle, Upton, Gottlieb, Kamath, Lessmann, Delli, Dubois, Ahmadia, Claudet, Cook, Deza, Grorud-Colvert, Gurney, Lemieux and Ruiz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Date Deposited:	18 Mar 2025 22:00
FoR Codes:	44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4406 Human geography > 440699 Human geography not elsewhere classified @ 50% 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4104 Environmental management > 410404 Environmental management @ 50%
SEO Codes:	19 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS > 1902 Environmental policy, legislation and standards > 190206 Institutional arrangements @ 25% 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280123 Expanding knowledge in human society @ 25% 19 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS > 1902 Environmental policy, legislation and standards > 190299 Environmental policy, legislation and standards not elsewhere classified @ 50%
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