Joone, C.J. (2024) Evidence-based practice in canine artificial insemination. Australian Veterinary Journal. (In Press)

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Abstract

A number of methods are currently used to predict the optimal date of insemination of the breeding bitch, particularly with the use of frozen–thawed canine semen which has a far shorter lifespan than fresh semen. Aside from confirming cytological oestrus, vaginal cytology is of no assistance in predicting the most fertile day(s) in a bitch; however, a neglected avenue of research suggests that vaginal cytology may be of great importance in confirming the days of optimal fertility retrospectively. Similarly, vaginoscopy provides clues as to the stage of a bitch's cycle but is inadequate as a sole determinant of her most fertile days. Nevertheless, vaginoscopy is useful to identify very late oestrus and the onset of dioestrus, as well as Stage I of labour (cervical dilatation). Due to variations in the rate at which circulating progesterone concentrations rise in individual bitches, the reliability of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining the optimal day(s) of insemination with frozen–thawed semen decreases as values rise. Moreover, progesterone assay results can vary widely due to extrinsic factors such as the time of blood sampling, sample storage conditions and the assay employed. Finally, this review investigates evidence surrounding various insemination routes and suggests that well-performed vaginal insemination, even with frozen–thawed semen, may be an acceptable approach for cases where transcervical insemination is impractical.

Item ID:	83081
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	1751-0813
Keywords:	dog,progesterone,surgical insemination,transcervical insemination,vaginal cytology,vaginal insemination,vaginoscopy
Copyright Information:	© 2024 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Veterinary Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2024 02:00
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