Exposure to low-level ambient air pollution and the relationship with lung and bladder cancer in older men, in Perth, Western Australia
Lim, Elizabeth H., Franklin, Peter, Trevenen, Michelle L., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Yeap, Bu B., Almeida, Osvaldo P., Hankey, Graeme J., Golledge, Jonathan, Etherton-Beer, Christopher, Flicker, Leon, Robinson, Suzanne, and Heyworth, Jane (2023) Exposure to low-level ambient air pollution and the relationship with lung and bladder cancer in older men, in Perth, Western Australia. British Journal of Cancer, 129. pp. 1500-1509.
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Abstract
Background: Air pollution is a cause of lung cancer and is associated with bladder cancer. However, the relationship between air pollution and these cancers in regions of low pollution is unclear. We investigated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon (BC), and both these cancers in a low-pollution city.
Methods: A cohort of 11,679 men ≥65 years old in Perth (Western Australia) were followed from 1996–1999 until 2018. Pollutant concentrations, as a time-varying variable, were estimated at participants’ residential addresses using land use regression models. Incident lung and bladder cancer were identified through the Western Australian Cancer Registry. Risks were estimated using Cox proportional-hazard models (age as the timescale), adjusting for smoking, socioeconomic status, and co-pollutants.
Results: Lung cancer was associated with PM2.5 and BC in the adjusted single-pollutant models. A weak positive association was observed between ambient air pollution and squamous cell lung carcinoma but not lung adenocarcinoma. Positive associations were observed with bladder cancer, although these were not statistically significant. Associations were attenuated in two-pollutant models.
Conclusion: Low-level ambient air pollution is associated with lung, and possibly bladder, cancer among older men, suggesting there is no known safe level for air pollution as a carcinogen.
| Item ID: | 80542 |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1532-1827 |
| Copyright Information: | © The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| Funders: | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) |
| Projects and Grants: | NHMRC 1128083, NHMRC 1003589, NHMRC 1117061 |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Feb 2024 23:31 |
| FoR Codes: | 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3201 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology > 320103 Respiratory diseases @ 50% 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3211 Oncology and carcinogenesis > 321102 Cancer diagnosis @ 50% |
| SEO Codes: | 20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200101 Diagnosis of human diseases and conditions @ 50% 20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200104 Prevention of human diseases and conditions @ 50% |
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