Morris, Dylan R., Singh, Tejas P., Zaman, Tahmid, Velu, Ramesh, Quigley, Francis, Jenkins, Jason, and Golledge, Jonathan (2023) Rates of Stroke in Patients With Different Presentations of Carotid Artery Stenosis. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 66 (4). pp. 484-491.

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Abstract

Objective: Carotid artery stenosis may present without the classical symptoms of transient ischaemic attack or stroke but the rates of stroke for these presentations is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the rates of stroke in patients with different presentations of carotid artery stenosis.

Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across three Australian vascular centres with low rates of surgical treatment of patients without transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Patients with a 50 – 99% carotid artery stenosis presenting with non-focal symptoms (e.g., dizziness or syncope; n = 47), prior contralateral carotid endarterectomy (n = 71), prior ipsilateral symptoms more than six months earlier (n = 82), and no symptoms (n = 304) were recruited. The primary outcome was ipsilateral ischaemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were any ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular death. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan–Meier analyses.

Results: Between 2002 and 2020, 504 patients were enrolled (mean age 71 years, 30% women) and followed for a median of 5.1 years (interquartile range 2.5, 8.8; 2 981 person years). Approximately 82% were prescribed antiplatelet therapy, 84% were receiving at least one antihypertensive drug, and 76% were prescribed a statin at entry. After five years the incidence of ipsilateral stroke was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3 – 9.5). There were no statistically significant differences in the annual rate of ipsilateral stroke among people with non-focal symptoms (2.1%; 95% CI 0.8 – 5.7), prior contralateral carotid endarterectomy (0.2%; 0.03 – 1.6) or ipsilateral symptoms > 6 months prior (1.0%; 0.4 – 2.5) compared with those with no symptoms (1.2%; 0.7 – 1.8; p = .19). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes across groups.

Conclusion: This cohort study showed no large differences in stroke rates among people with different presentations of carotid artery stenosis.

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