Quantifying rainfall and cloud water interception in upland forests of Norfolk Island
McJannet, David, Marano, Jordan, Petheram, Cuan, Tavener, Neil, and Greenwood, Derek (2023) Quantifying rainfall and cloud water interception in upland forests of Norfolk Island. Hydrological Processes, 37 (7). e14945.
|
PDF (Published Version)
- Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial. Download (7MB) | Preview |
Abstract
The higher elevation (>200 m ASL) forests of Norfolk Island are regularly immersed in the clouds and scientific and anecdotal evidence suggests that in addition to rainfall, water is likely to be collected as cloud droplets are intercepted by the forest canopy. This water is likely to be important for the local hydrology and ecology, yet it has never been quantified. To address this, a field measurement campaign was established to measure hydrological inputs to the forest floor at two elevated (290 and 310 m ASL) forest sites in the Norfolk Island National Park over a 524-day period. Instrumentation included throughfall and stemflow measurement systems and recording rain gauges in the open in nearby clearings. Sites exhibited very high stem density and basal area and delivery of water to the forest floor was dominated by stemflow because of the funnelling characteristics of the dominant palm and pine trees. Both sites showed similar hydrological behaviour with stemflow and throughfall of around 48% and 32% of total atmospheric inputs, respectively. Stemflow contributions of 48% far exceed observations from the literature on cloud-affected ecosystems which are typically less than 10%. Rainfall rarely occurred in the absence of low-level cloud and some cloud immersion events lasted for many days with hydrologic inputs continuing for extended periods despite rainfall not being observed in the open. Cloud water interception accounted for approximately 20% of total water input at both sites which is equivalent to 25% extra water on top of rainfall measured in the open. From an island-wide perspective, the calculated additional hydrological input is only small due to the limited spatial extent of upland forest; however, the additional water is likely to be very important to local hydrological processes and the unique plants, insects and animals which inhabit the upland forests of Norfolk Island.
Item ID: | 80350 |
---|---|
Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
ISSN: | 1099-1085 |
Keywords: | fog, forest hydrology, island water resources, stemflow, throughfall |
Copyright Information: | © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
Date Deposited: | 13 Feb 2024 23:57 |
FoR Codes: | 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4104 Environmental management > 410402 Environmental assessment and monitoring @ 100% |
SEO Codes: | 28 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 2801 Expanding knowledge > 280111 Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences @ 100% |
Downloads: |
Total: 61 Last 12 Months: 20 |
More Statistics |