Hoeger, Nina Sarah, Mittlmeier, Thomas, Vollmar, Brigitte, Stratos, Ioannis, Dobson, Geoffrey P., and Rotter, Robert (2023) ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle. Biology, 12. 870.

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Abstract

Skeletal muscle trauma is a common injury with a range of severity. Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) is a protective solution and improves tissue perfusion and coagulopathy. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to standardized skeletal muscle trauma of the left soleus muscle with the protection of the neurovascular structures. Seventy animals were randomly assigned to saline control or ALM. Immediately after trauma, a bolus of ALM solution was applied intravenously, followed by a one-hour infusion. After 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 days, the biomechanical regenerative capacity was examined using incomplete tetanic force and tetany, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine for proliferation and apoptosis characteristics. Biomechanical force development showed a significant increase following ALM therapy for incomplete tetanic force and tetany on days 4 and 7. In addition, the histological evaluation showed a significant increase in proliferative BrdU-positive cells with ALM therapy on days 1 and 14. Ki67 histology also detected significantly more proliferative cells on days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 in ALM-treated animals. Furthermore, a simultaneous decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was observed using the TUNEL method. ALM solution showed significant superiority in biomechanical force development and also a significant positive effect on cell proliferation in traumatized skeletal muscle tissue and reduced apoptosis.

Item ID:	79181
Item Type:	Article (Research - C1)
ISSN:	2079-7737
Keywords:	muscle regeneration; apoptosis; ALM solution; muscle crush injury; muscle contraction force; proliferation
Copyright Information:	Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Date Deposited:	04 Jul 2023 01:34
FoR Codes:	32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3208 Medical physiology > 320899 Medical physiology not elsewhere classified @ 70% 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3202 Clinical sciences > 320299 Clinical sciences not elsewhere classified @ 30%
SEO Codes:	20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions @ 80% 20 HEALTH > 2001 Clinical health > 200102 Efficacy of medications @ 20%
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