Ravichandran, Kapilan, and Carroll, Daniel (2023) The Infant as a Paediatric Surgical Patient. In: Carroll, Daniel, Stalewski, Harry, and Rathnamma, Bhanu Mariyappa, (eds.) Paediatric Surgery: Clinical Practice in Remote and Rural Settings, and in Tropical Regions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 57-75.

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Abstract

Infants have distinct surgical conditions and they should be expediently identified and corrected through both non-surgical and surgical interventions. This chapter discusses the following: Inguinal hernia, intussusception, pyloric stenosis, tongue-tie, vascular anomalies and tropical skin infections, including kerion. Direct inguinal hernias are rare and tend not to be diagnosed preoperatively. Up to one-third of patients with a direct hernia or a femoral hernia have had a previous indirect inguinal hernia operation. Over recent years, laparoscopy has been increasingly used in the management of inguinal hernias in children. The basic operative approach has been to ligate the processus vaginalis at the neck of the sac by partially closing the internal ring. Intussusception refers to the invagination of a part of the intestine into itself. Most cases in children are idiopathic and pathological lead points are identified in only 25% of cases involving children.

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