Carroll, Daniel, and Slaney, Charlotte Julia (2023) Fetal Medicine. In: Carroll, Daniel, Stalewski, Harry, and Rathnamma, Bhanu Mariyappa, (eds.) Paediatric Surgery: Clinical Practice in Remote and Rural Settings, and in Tropical Regions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 23-34.

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Abstract

A number of conditions which require paediatric surgery can be detected antenatally. The commonest problem encountered in paediatric surgical practice is the patient with a pregnancy complicated by antenatally detected renal tract abnormalities. Over the past decade, an improvement in the technology for ultrasound scan (USS) has resulted in an increase in the incidence of antenatally detected renal tract abnormalities. Male patients with unilateral severe hydroureteronephrosis may be suffering from bladder outlet obstruction from posterior urethral valves (PUVs). A number of different conditions may present as abnormal findings within the chest on a fetal USS. The commonest of these is a congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), less commonly one may identify a bronchogenic cyst or a pulmonary sequestration Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect (NTD) where the baby’s spine and spinal cord does not develop normally during fetal life.

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