Hofman, Peter S., and Schrama, Geerten J.I. (2005) Dutch Target Group Policy. In: De Bruijn, Theo, and Norberg-Bohm, Vicki, (eds.) Industrial Transformation:Environmental Policy Innovation in the United States and Europe. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, United States, pp. 39-63.

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Abstract

[Extract] Our understanding of environmental issues and of ways to address them has increased in the last decades. However, while some problems have become increasingly evident and more pressing, often no ready-made solutions are available. In search for more effective and efficient environmental policies, approaches in the Netherlands and elsewhere have shifted from direct regulation to more flexible and consensus-based styles. Many of these new developments are based on the premise that the transition to sustainability requires a co-operative paradigm, with diverse stakeholders negotiating a shared vision of the future and the coordination of their resources (Hartman et al. 1999). It also indicates that these approaches are more costeffective as the targeted groups can time the development and introduction of new technologies; no short-term standards are imposed that are likely to be suboptimal in the long term (Ashford 1996; Harrison 1999). The Dutch Target Group policy, formulated as part of the National Environmental Policy Plan introduced in 1989, is one of the best-known examples of this new approach.

Item ID:	76040
Item Type:	Book Chapter (Research - B1)
ISBN:	9780262269391
Copyright Information:	© 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Date Deposited:	06 Oct 2023 00:11
FoR Codes:	44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4407 Policy and administration > 440704 Environment policy @ 40% 44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4407 Policy and administration > 440710 Research, science and technology policy @ 30% 44 HUMAN SOCIETY > 4408 Political science > 440805 Environmental politics @ 30%
SEO Codes:	19 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS > 1902 Environmental policy, legislation and standards > 190299 Environmental policy, legislation and standards not elsewhere classified @ 40% 19 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS > 1902 Environmental policy, legislation and standards > 190206 Institutional arrangements @ 30% 15 ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK > 1503 Management and productivity > 150306 Technological and organisational innovation @ 30%
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