Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas
Timmers, Robert, van Kuijk, Marijke, Verweij, Pita A., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Hautier, Yann, Laurance, William F., Arriaga-Weiss, Stefan L., Askins, Robert A., Battisti, Corrado, Berg, Åke, Daily, Gretchen C., Estades, Cristián F., Frank, Beatrice, Kurosawa, Reiko, Pojar, Rosamund A., Woinarski, John C.Z., and Soons, Merel B. (2022) Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 20 (6). pp. 361-369.
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Abstract
For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively safeguard species. However, how large habitat fragments must be, and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly effective with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] categories I–IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrence, whereas fragments had to be at least 175 ha for moderate protection (IUCN categories V and VI) to have a positive effect. This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.
Item ID: | 74724 |
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Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
ISSN: | 1540-9309 |
Copyright Information: | © 2022 The Authors. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited |
Research Data: | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.wpzgmsbn9 |
Date Deposited: | 20 Jul 2022 23:25 |
FoR Codes: | 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4104 Environmental management > 410401 Conservation and biodiversity @ 100% |
SEO Codes: | 18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1899 Other environmental management > 189999 Other environmental management not elsewhere classified @ 100% |
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