Potential end of life application of African star apple shell and waste toner powder as composite filler materials

Daniel-Mkpume, Cynthia Chikodi, Ahaiwe, Rachel Chinwendu, Ifenatuorah, Chigozie Lucas, Ike-Eze, Ikechukwu Christian Ezema, Aigbodion, Victor Sunday, Egoigwe, Sochima Vincent, and Okonkwo, Emenike (2022) Potential end of life application of African star apple shell and waste toner powder as composite filler materials. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 24 (2). pp. 680-691.

[img] PDF (Published Version) - Published Version
Restricted to Repository staff only

View at Publisher Website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01355...
4


Abstract

This study contributes towards showing the potential end-of-life application of common wastes namely: Waste Toner powder (WTP) and African star apple shell powder (ASASP) as low cost reinforcement for polymer composites. Herein, the effect of varying weight fractions ranging from 0 to 25 wt% for ASASP and 0–10 wt% for WTP on some mechanical properties were studied. Results showed that incorporation of both waste materials into unsaturated polyester led to a reduction in flexural properties, and a significant improvement in tensile strength, Young’s modulus and hardness of polyester. For WTP-reinforced composites, WTP1 with tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and hardness value of 31.4 MPa, 109.1 MPa, 5.77% and 823 HLD, respectively, exhibited the best combination of properties. Similarly, ASASP4 with tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and hardness value of 28.9 MPa, 66.9 MPa, 3.016% and 703.5 HLD, respectively, exhibited the best combination of properties for ASASP-reinforced composites. Morphological analysis showed that although fine natured, with a higher tendency to agglomerate, WTP showed better interfacial bonding and lesser particle agglomeration than ASASP. These results show that utilizing these wastes as composite filler extends their life cycle and is coherent with the principles of circular economy.

Item ID: 74607
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1611-8227
Keywords: African star apple shell, End-of-life application, Mechanical properties, Polyester composite, Waste toner powder
Copyright Information: © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2022
Date Deposited: 24 Nov 2022 02:28
FoR Codes: 40 ENGINEERING > 4011 Environmental engineering > 401106 Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling @ 100%
More Statistics

Actions (Repository Staff Only)

Item Control Page Item Control Page