The efficacy of topical preparations in reducing the incidence of Cutibacterium acnes at the start and conclusion of total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

Symonds, Tristan, Grant, Andrea, Doma, Kenji, Hinton, Darren, Wilkinson, Matthew, and Morse, Levi (2022) The efficacy of topical preparations in reducing the incidence of Cutibacterium acnes at the start and conclusion of total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 31 (6). pp. 1115-1121.

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Abstract

Background: Preoperative skin preparations for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are not standardized for Cutibacterium acnes eradication. Topical benzyl peroxide (BPO) and benzyl peroxide with clindamycin (BPO-C) have been shown to reduce the bacterial load of C acnes on the skin. Our aim was to investigate whether preoperative application of these topical antimicrobials reduced superficial colonization and deep tissue inoculation of C acnes in patients undergoing TSA.

Methods: In a prospective, single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 101 patients undergoing primary TSA were randomized to receive either topical pHisoHex (hexachlorophene [1% triclosan; sodium benzoate, 5 mg/mL; and benzyl alcohol, 5 mg/mL]) (n = 35), 5% BPO (n = 33), or 5% BPO with 1% clindamycin (n = 33). Skin swabs obtained prior to topical application and after topical application before surgery, as well as 3 intraoperative swabs (dermis after incision, on joint capsule entry, and dermis at wound closure), were cultured. The primary outcome was positive culture findings and successful decolonization.

Results: All 3 topical preparations were effective in decreasing the rate of C acnes. The application of pHisoHex reduced skin colonization by 50%, BPO reduced skin colonization by 73.7%, and BPO-C reduced skin colonization by 81.5%. The topical preparation of BPO-C was more effective in decreasing the rate of C acnes at the preoperative and intraoperative swab time points compared with pHisoHex and BPO (P = .003). Failure to eradicate C acnes with topical preparations consistently resulted in deep tissue inoculation. There was an increase in the C acnes contamination rate on the skin during closure (33%) compared with skin cultures taken at surgery commencement (22%).

Conclusion: Topical application of BPO and BPO-C preoperatively is more effective than pHisoHex in reducing colonization and contamination of the surgical field with C acnes in patients undergoing TSA.

Item ID: 74478
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 1058-2746
Keywords: Cutibacterium acnes, infection, infection prevention, Level II, Propionibacterium acnes, prosthetic joint infection, Randomized Controlled Trial, Shoulder arthroplasty, shoulder joint, skin preparation, Treatment Study
Copyright Information: © 2022 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.
Date Deposited: 27 Oct 2022 00:09
FoR Codes: 32 BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCES > 3202 Clinical sciences > 320216 Orthopaedics @ 100%
Downloads: Total: 1
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