Oei, Ju Lee, Kapadia, Vishal, Rabi, Yacov, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, Rook, Denise, Vermeulen, Marijn J., Boronat, Nuria, Thamrin, Valerie, Tarnow-Mordi, William, Smyth, John, Wright, Ian M., Lui, Kei, van Goudoever, Johannes B., Gebski, Val, and Vento, Maximo (2022) Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants after randomisation to initial resuscitation with lower (FiO2 <0.3) or higher (FiO2 >0.6) initial oxygen levels. An individual patient meta-analysis. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 107 (4). F386-F392.

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the effects of lower (≤0.3) versus higher (≥0.6) initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) for resuscitation on death and/or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants <32 weeks’ gestation.

Design: Meta-analysis of individual patient data from three randomised controlled trials.

Setting: Neonatal intensive care units.

Patients: 543 children <32 weeks’ gestation.

Intervention: Randomisation at birth to resuscitation with lower (≤0.3) or higher (≥0.6) initial FiO2.

Outcome measures Primary: death and/or NDI at 2 years of age.

Secondary: post-hoc non-randomised observational analysis of death/NDI according to 5-minute oxygen saturation (SpO2) below or at/above 80%.

Results: By 2 years of age, 46 of 543 (10%) children had died. Of the 497 survivors, 84 (17%) were lost to follow-up. Bayley Scale of Infant Development (third edition) assessments were conducted on 377 children. Initial FiO2 was not associated with difference in death and/or disability (difference (95% CI) −0.2%, −7% to 7%, p=0.96) or with cognitive scores <85 (2%, −5% to 9%, p=0.5). Five-minute SpO2 >80% was associated with decreased disability/death (14%, 7% to 21%) and cognitive scores >85 (10%, 3% to 18%, p=0.01). Multinomial regression analysis noted decreased death with 5-minute SpO2 ≥80% (odds (95% CI) 09.62, 0.98 to 0.96) and gestation (0.52, 0.41 to 0.65), relative to children without death or NDI.

Conclusion: Initial FiO2 was not associated with difference in risk of disability/death at 2 years in infants <32 weeks’ gestation but CIs were wide. Substantial benefit or harm cannot be excluded. Larger randomised studies accounting for patient differences, for example, gestation and gender are urgently needed.

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