Whittem, Ted, Beths, Thierry, and Bauquier, Sébastien H. (2017) General Pharmacology of Anesthetic and Analgesic Drugs. In: Grimm, Kurt A., Lamont, Leigh A., Tranquilli, William J., Greene, Stephen A., and Robertson, Sheilah A., (eds.) Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Wiley, Ames, IA, USA, pp. 145-177.

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Abstract

Anesthesia and pain management are two branches of veterinary clinical medicine that inarguably are inextricably intertwined with clinical pharmacology. This chapter introduces these fundamental pharmacological concepts as they relate to the practice of anesthesia. It talks about the classic receptor and the receptor state theories. The chapter illustrates the study of receptor structures using a few examples only of receptors that have a particular importance in the field of anesthesia. The discussion is limited to some membrane receptors, ion channels, and G-protein receptors. Background knowledge of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a drug is necessary to permit the proper use of that drug in clinical cases. Constant rate therapy is used when maintenance of a specific plasma concentration and its consequent effect is desired. Combinations of drugs may occasionally result in drug-drug interactions, which can be synergistic, antagonistic, or additive. These interactions can be explained by three mechanisms: physicochemical, PK, and pharmacodynamics (PD).

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