Adeoye, John, and Thomson, Peter (2022) A call for an established oral cancer classification by etiology and revision of related terminology. Oral Diseases, 28 (3).

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Abstract

[Extract] Oral cancer, comprising tumors affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx, is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide, 90% of which are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (Bray et al., 2018; Conway et al., 2018). These tumors are largely associated with risk habits consumed for their psychosomatic effects (tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut products), lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, immunodeficiency, genetic predisposition, and high-risk human papillomavirus transmission (Adeoye & Thomson, 2020; Ali et al., 2017; Kumar et al., 2016; Warnakulasuriya, 2009). These etiologic considerations are diverse, and their influence is noted to vary geographically. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption account for the two most common predisposing factors for oral carcinomas in many regions with an exception in areas like Taiwan, Papua New Guinea, and India where the consumption of betel nut products is high (Bray et al., 2018). For oropharyngeal carcinomas, increasing cases have been linked to high-risk HPV 16 and 18 especially in Europe and North America (Diz et al., 2017; Stein et al., 2015; Tota et al., 2019).

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