Canning, Adam D., and Death, Russell G. (2019) Ecosystem health indicators - freshwater environments. In: Fath, Brian D., (ed.) Encyclopedia of Ecology. Elsevier, pp. 46-60.

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Abstract

Freshwater environments around the globe are under threat from increasing anthropogenic stress, including nutrient enrichment, urbanization, industrial waste, deforestation, water abstraction, flood prevention engineering, sedimentation, dam construction, climate change and invasive species. If freshwater ecosystem health is to be safeguarded, then measuring and monitoring change will be critical for effective management. Ecosystem health is the maintenance of structure and function in the face of external stress, this includes both biotic and abiotic components. This chapter summarizes the main groups of indicators commonly used to assess ecosystem health.

Item ID:	67837
Item Type:	Book Chapter (Reference)
ISBN:	978-0-444-64130-4
Copyright Information:	© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Date Deposited:	05 Jul 2022 23:08
FoR Codes:	31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3103 Ecology > 310304 Freshwater ecology @ 50% 41 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES > 4104 Environmental management > 410402 Environmental assessment and monitoring @ 50%
SEO Codes:	18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1803 Fresh, ground and surface water systems and management > 180301 Assessment and management of freshwater ecosystems @ 80% 18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT > 1803 Fresh, ground and surface water systems and management > 180306 Measurement and assessment of freshwater quality (incl. physical and chemical conditions of water) @ 20%
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