Okonkwo, E.G., Anabaraonye, C.N., Daniel-Mkpume, C.C., Egoigwe, S.V., Okeke, P.E., Whyte, F.G., and Okoani, A.O. (2020) Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of clay-Bambara nut shell polyester bio-composite. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 108 (7-8). pp. 2483-2496.

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Abstract

Ecological impact of improper disposal of growing agricultural waste is huge. These low cost, renewable, and biodegradable materials can be utilized in production of eco-friendly polymer composite. However, further property enhancement can be achieved by hybridization. This work evaluated the feasibility of enhancing the properties of Bambara nut shell particulate (BNSp) reinforced polyester composite by incorporation of clay. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 23.98 MPa was recorded for the hybrid composite of 3 wt% clay + 12 wt% BNSp compared to 19.86 MPa for 12wt% BNSp polymer composite. DMA analysis showed a damping factor of 0.586 at 89.51 °C for 3 wt% clay + 12 wt% BNSp composite. Clay addition modifies and improves the properties of agro-waste reinforced polymer composites with clay/BNSp/polyester composite exhibiting higher mechanical properties compared to the BNSp reinforced polyester composite due to the ability of the clay to insert themselves between the layers of the polyester matrix. This work also showed that Bambara nut is a potential low-cost filler material for polymer composites and can be used in areas requiring medium strength but lightweight materials.

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