A synthesis of the prevalence and drivers of non-compliance in marine protected areas
Iacarella, Josephine C., Clyde, Georgia, Bergseth, Brock J., and Ban, Natalie C. (2021) A synthesis of the prevalence and drivers of non-compliance in marine protected areas. Biological Conservation, 255. 108992.
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Abstract
Non-compliance regularly negates the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) worldwide. Understanding and addressing non-compliance is critical given continued efforts to establish MPAs to meet international milestones (e.g., Aichi targets). We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to address five key questions and research gaps for MPAs: 1) how is non-compliance best measured? 2) what are common drivers of non-compliance? 3) what is the overall prevalence of non-compliance? 4) how frequently is ecological failure of MPAs attributed to non-compliance? and 5) are there measurable management impacts on regulated fishing in MPAs (i.e., effective reduction of fishing)? We found 151 papers that had some focus on non-compliant resource extraction in MPAs and 96 that quantified it. Insufficient enforcement was the most cited driver of non-compliance, followed by several socio-economic drivers including lack of awareness, livelihood/economic gain, social norms, and ineffective governance. Prohibited fishing in MPAs was often reduced compared to outside areas, as shown by our meta-analysis. However, we found frequent reports and measures of non-compliance globally, and many cases of failed ecological performance attributed primarily to non-compliance (57% of 67 relevant studies). Overall, our synthesis demonstrates that non-compliance continues to be a prevalent issue for MPAs. Reducing non-compliance and ensuring effective MPAs will rely on continuous evaluation of non-compliance to inform adaptive management, as well as addressing the complex, interrelated drivers that arise throughout MPA planning, establishment, and management.
| Item ID: | 67056 |
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| Item Type: | Article (Research - C1) |
| ISSN: | 1873-2917 |
| Keywords: | Ecological performance, Illegal activities, Literature review, Management effectiveness, Meta-analysis, Poaching |
| Copyright Information: | Crown Copyright © 2021 Published by ElsevierLtd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Funders: | Australian Research Council (ARC) |
| Research Data: | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnsc |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2022 22:52 |
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