Population genomic response to geographic gradients by widespread and endemic fishes of the Arabian Peninsula

Dibattista, Joseph D., Saenz-agudelo, Pablo, Piatek, Marek J., Cagua, Edgar Fernando, Bowen, Brian W., Choat, John Howard, Rocha, Luiz A., Gaither, Michelle R., Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., Sinclair-taylor, Tane H., McIlwain, Jennifer H., Priest, Mark A., Braun, Camrin D., Hussey, Nigel E., Kessel, Steven T., and Berumen, Michael L. (2020) Population genomic response to geographic gradients by widespread and endemic fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. Ecology and Evolution, 10 (10). pp. 4314-4330.

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Abstract

Genetic structure within marine species may be driven by local adaptation to their environment, or alternatively by historical processes, such as geographic isolation. The gulfs and seas bordering the Arabian Peninsula offer an ideal setting to examine connectivity patterns in coral reef fishes with respect to environmental gradients and vicariance. The Red Sea is characterized by a unique marine fauna, historical periods of desiccation and isolation, as well as environmental gradients in salinity, temperature, and primary productivity that vary both by latitude and by season. The adjacent Arabian Sea is characterized by a sharper environmental gradient, ranging from extensive coral cover and warm temperatures in the southwest, to sparse coral cover, cooler temperatures, and seasonal upwelling in the northeast. Reef fish, however, are not confined to these seas, with some Red Sea fishes extending varying distances into the northern Arabian Sea, while their pelagic larvae are presumably capable of much greater dispersal. These species must therefore cope with a diversity of conditions that invoke the possibility of steep clines in natural selection. Here, we test for genetic structure in two widespread reef fish species (a butterflyfish and surgeonfish) and eight range-restricted butterflyfishes across the Red Sea and Arabian Sea using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. We performed multiple matrix regression with randomization analyses on genetic distances for all species, as well as reconstructed scenarios for population subdivision in the species with signatures of isolation. We found that (a) widespread species displayed more genetic subdivision than regional endemics and (b) this genetic structure was not correlated with contemporary environmental parameters but instead may reflect historical events. We propose that the endemic species may be adapted to a diversity of local conditions, but the widespread species are instead subject to ecological filtering where different combinations of genotypes persist under divergent ecological regimes.

Item ID: 62961
Item Type: Article (Research - C1)
ISSN: 2045-7758
Keywords: butterflyfishes, coral reefs, ddRAD, Indo-West Pacific, single nucleotide polymorphism, vicariance
Copyright Information: ©2020 The authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/], which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funders: KAUST Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF), National Geographic Society (NGS), National Science Foundation (NSF), California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Australian Research Council (ARC)
Projects and Grants: OCRF award CRG-1-2012-BER-002, NGS Grant 9024-11, NSF grant OCE-1558852, ARC DE200101286
Date Deposited: 29 Apr 2020 07:49
FoR Codes: 31 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES > 3104 Evolutionary biology > 310402 Biogeography and phylogeography @ 100%
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